Tag Archives: video

How to make great strawberry jam

Oh how I wish that these strawberries were from my own garden. But they’re not. They’re farmer’s market strawberries. My entire strawberry harvest this week went onto a bowl of cereal this morning. I can only dream of the day when I might have enough of my own berries to make preserves. But the lemon that went into the jam was my own.

While strawberries are in abundance at farmer’s markets, why not try making your own jam? It’s surprising easy, a lot cheaper than store bought jam, and there is no high fructose corn syrup or mystery ingredients.

Strawberry Preserves (makes 6 cups)

4 C strawberries

4 C white sugar

micrograted peel and juice from one lemon

Step 1 is to start your boiling water bath as it takes a while for all of that water to come to boiling.You need a pan that is deep enough to hold all of the jars standing up, and still have an inch of water over the tops of the lids.

I cut the berries into quarters. Some people like to leave them whole. While the berries, sugar and lemon juice are cooking, I wash the canning jars and lids. I boil the lids and rings for five minutes to sterilize them, but I just let hot water sit in the canning jars. Sometimes I run the jars through the dishwasher before starting to make jam, which gets them clean and leaves them hot.

Wash, hull and cut into quarters 1 quart of strawberries. That is two of those little green plastic containers full of berries. Note that this is a heaping quart cup. There is a lot of air space in there, and jam making isn’t an exact science. You can see the grated lemon peel just under the letter G in glass.

Put the berries, lemon juice and grated lemon peel into at least a 2-quart pan (3-quart size is better since it has a tendency to boil over in a 2-quart pot.) Add four cups of white sugar to the strawberries. Stir over medium heat to dissolve sugar.

The sugar is still not quite dissolved in this photo. All of the liquid is from the strawberries (and the tiny bit of lemon juice).

With luck, that will be my first embedded video that was directly embedded into the post rather than going on You-tube first. It shows the jam at a rolling boil.

Cook the jam with stirring for 15-20 minutes. It doesn’t get as thick as jelly. You can drop some on a cold plate to see if it is set up as well as you want.

Turn off the heat under the berries. Skim the foam off of the jam and discard. Ladle the jam into the six 8-ounce clean, hot jars, leaving a half inch of air space at the top of the jar. Wipe the tops of the jars clean so that the lids will make a good seal. Using tongs, lift the lids and rings out of the boiling water and place them on top of the jars. Screw down to form a tight seal. Process the jars for 10 minutes in a boiling water bath. Remove jars and set on a towel to cool. After a while, the lids will pop down, indicating a good seal. After the jars are cool, label the jars and store in a cool, dark place.

Six lovely jars of homemade strawberry jam.

Uh oh, I forgot to skim the foam off. You can see the whitish foam in the jars. That isn’t mold, it’s just foam. Also, my fruit floated. These are considered technical flaws. These jars won’t win any prizes at the county fair on appearance, but the preserves sure taste great on a homemade biscuit.

This is such a beautiful day that I went to the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve at the corner of Pacific Coast Highway and Warner Avenue in Huntington Beach.

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I stopped at the Bolsa Chica Conservancy’s Interpretive Center. A class on environmental interpretation from CalState Long Beach is here, and I got a video of some of the students handling a king snake, one of several snakes that live in the building for interpretive purposes.

Harumph, I have no idea why the videos are upside down. I took them right side up. Sorry about that. Bear with me as I figure out this iPad.

Chicken Video!

I am in a location with no WiFi, but five bars of Internet access. Let’s see if that is enough for me to load my chicken video.

Ye, I think I did it. The secret is having enough bars of reception for the iPad. The sweet part is that with my upgraded WordPress account, I can now load videos directly without having to put them on YouTube.

Arg, now all I have left to do is figure out why the video loaded upside down. Bear with me, folks, I’m learning.

My 100th Blog Post: Our southern California fruit, flower, and veggie gardens in June

The hens are molting and taking dust baths. They’re so much fun to watch.

It’s another gorgeous day in paradise here in Huntington Beach–sunny skies, with temps in the high 70s. My garden is booming and blooming along, with some things newly planted and some things ready to harvest. Here’s a peek.

Raised bed #1 has tomatoes, bell peppers, yellow squash, chard, a couple of parsnips and a carrot. Yep. A single carrot.

Raised bed #1 looking from a different angle.

Raised bed #2 has chard, tomatoes, cabbage, leeks, eggplant and some miserable Snow Wind peas that are past their prime and need to come out.

 

Raised bed #3 has tomatoes, radishes, Blue Lake pole green beans, a few Scarlet Runner beans, onions, lettuce, a lanky purple cauliflower that shows no signs of making a head, and some spinach that needs to go to the chickens.

Raised bed #3 from a different angle.

The Babcock Improved Peaches are beginning to blush. I wonder what is embarassing them.

The Katy Apricot has only three apricots on the tree, but they're big ones. Looks like they'll be ready soon.

The Panamint Nectarine tree is loaded with fruit this year. I can hardly wait.

The Snow Queen Nectarine is a young tree and only has a couple of nectarines on it, but they look really good. Betcha they look good to the squirrels, possums, raccoons, etc. too. Who will get this lovely fruit?

This is the only peach on the August Pride peach tree, another young tree.

This is the last ripe Eureka Lemon left on the tree.

But my other two dwarf Eureka lemon trees have set fruit.

And the Eureka lemon trees are still blooming. What a lovely smell.

I have three Valencia oranges that I'm saving for a special occasion. I'd better come up with that occasion pretty soon because they won't last forever.

Next year's crop has already set on the Valencia orange. Ditto the navel orange, but I didn't photograph that tree.

The strawberry harvest seems to have peaked, but I'm still getting a berry or two.

I ate all of the ripe blueberries before I got my camera out, so I'll move on to apples. Looks like it's going to be a good year for the Granny Smith apple tree with about three dozen apples set.

Our semi-dwarf Fuji apple is still a baby, so we have only three apples on it. None on the Gala, which is a full-sized young tree.

The blackberries still aren't ripe.

Looks like I have two more artichokes to harvest and then that crop will be finished.

My red and yellow onions are starting to bulb up. I hear that they form bulbs about three weeks after the summer solstice.

My Red of Florence bunching onions are still tiny, but their bulbs are already red. This is a new variety for me so I can hardly wait until they're ready to eat.

This is my first cucumber of the season, a Tendergreen. It has a long way to go before its ready to eat.

I like my Smart Pots so much, that I got two more. I'm growing winter squash, eggplant, sweet potatoes, German Butterball potatoes and sunchokes in them.

I need a bigger pot! These winter squash (mini Red Kuri, mini Green Kuri, and mini Blue Hubbard) are only 13 days old. Check out the size of those cotyledon leaves. Righteous Bovine!

My first attempt at growing sweet potatoes is going well so far.

As soon as the Peruvian Purple potatoes came out, I added more fertilizer to the pot and planted some German Butterball potatoes. So far, so good. I'll add more potting soil to the pot as they grow to encourage layers of potatoes to form.

The Garden of Infinite Neglect has patty pan squash, Millionaire eggplant, Scotch Blue Curled and Lacinato kale, collards, Golden and Lutz Greenleaf beets, Kyoto carrots, loosehead Chinese cabbage, lots of chard, and a row of flowers.

I'm already harvesting Early Girl tomatoes. These are Celebrity Tomatoes.

My first Black Krim has set on a tomato plant that I grew from seed.

This is my first attempt at growing Komatsuna, a Japanese mustard green. A cabbage worm got part of it, but once I dispatched the worm, the plant recovered.

These are the Blue Lake pole beans that I replanted after the raccoon dug them up. They don't seem much worse for the experience.

This is my newest tree, a Haas avocado. All of the fruit that had set fell off. Maybe next year.

I had 6-7 fruit set on the Littlecado tree, but the only avocado left is this one. It may fall off too as it's pretty small. If this tree doesn't produce any avocados next year with the Haas next to it to fertilize it, I'm going to cut it down.

I never promised you a rose garden, but here it is.

I love the color of this rose. It's my best bloomer. Can't remember its name.

My iris bed in back is pretty new. This is the first bloom on my Grandma's Purple Flag, an old time iris.

These yellow iris have been in the ground for several years and are reliable bloomers. The other four varieties did not deign to bloom for me this year. Or last year. Maybe next year.

Most of the front yard is heavily shaded by the two liquid amber trees, but the pink Mexican poppies and blue Lilly of the Nile bloom in June, along with Scabiosa, chrysanthemums, lavender, oregano and marjoram.

My butterfly garden has golden yarrow and Mexican sage in it.

I never got around to planting my gladiolus bulbs this year. This one is a resprout from last year.

So is this lavender gladiolus.

Pots of succulents make lovely drought-tolerant accent plants in our dry climate.

The backyard has been filled with nasturtiums since January. They've dropped a gazillion seeds, so I should have plenty more next year too.

Nemesia is a lovely drought-tolerant flower that bloom all year round for me.

Same with the allysum. It attracts beneficial insects as well, but doesn't self-seed as readily as the Nemesia.

It's time to pick more lavender to make lavender sugar. I've nearly used up my first batch.

Comfort Hotel Azur Riviera in Nice, France

I just got back from a week on the French Riviera. Sounds nice, doesn’t it? Well, it was and it wasn’t.

I can report many good things about the trip, but there was too much walking and climbing for my poor old knees, and our lodging left a lot to be desired. I’m going to make multiple posts on the trip. I’ll start off with our hotel, which had pluses and minuses.

I went with the Photographic Society of Orange County, a great group of photographers. They take an international trip every year; this was my first overseas trip with them. We had nearly 30 people in our group, but everyone split up and went their own way once we arrived.

The travel agency booked us on Swiss Air, a great airline. Although we were packed in coach seating like sardines, we got free wine, good food and Swiss chocolate. I grabbed this shot by holding my camera over my head and shooting behind me. Jerry and Dedra, right behind me, were in our group.

This was my first trip to Europe, and I was thrilled to see the Swiss Alps, even from the air.

The signage for the hotel at street level was computer printouts sheathed in plastic and taped to the hotel front.

The lobby of the Hotel Azur Riviera had nice marble on the floor, a remnant of what must have been its former glory days.

Fabien was one of the desk staff. I must say, the staff was excellent, especially Fabien and Jacques, who helped me get my new iPod set up and connected to the free hotel WiFi.

The marble staircase was quite attractive, but I have bad knees and needed to use the elevator.

The tiny hotel elevator only held one person with luggage, or a maximum of three people packed in. Here Carole, Carol, and Marianne cram in for a ride to their rooms on the 5th floor.

The elevator broke on our first full day there, stranding two members of our group inside.  The staff had the elevator fixed within 36 hours.

I stayed in Room 410. The rooms were small and stark. Two out of three lights in my room did not work, nor did the phone. The bed was comfortable.

Small rooms, sparingly furnished, were situated on a VERY noisy street.

The tile in my bathroom was attractive, and the fixtures were in good shape. The shower was tiny, like one in a motor home, less than 2 ft square. Soap and shampoo were not provided, but were available by asking at the front desk. I brought my own, not being sure if they were furnished.

I didn't see screens anywhere. If you opened the windows to get some fresh air, bugs came in. One lady in our group was bitten by something in her room, probably a spider, and had to go to the hospital. This is the view out my window, leaning out to snap it.

View from my room.

View out my window looking the other direction. The neighborhood looked like a cross between the French quarter in New Orleans and New York City. Constant street noise.

 

The video is  just people and traffic below my room, but you can get an idea of the noise level. Too bad I didn’t get the sirens in this video. Wee-ooo-wee-ooo.

Breakfast was included, and I thought that it was great. We had fresh baguettes and croissants every morning.

We had cold ham and cheese, canned fruit cocktail, cereal, orange juice and a coffe machine that had a choice of cafe, cafe au lait, cappucino, or cocoa. No decaf, so I drank cocoa.

We had the same breakfast every morning. Sometimes we had boiled eggs as well.

To avoid going back up on the tiny elevator, I looked for a toilette on the ground floor. This is what I found. I didn't have the courage to go any farther.

This is the tiny kitchen where the desk guys prepared our breakfast. They didn't have a separate kitchen staff. Fabien did a great job of arranging the baguettes and croissants on the table. When he wasn't on duty, the cocoa was too weak to drink.

There was an open air butcher shop next to the hotel lobby, part of our building. The butcher roasted chickens on a rotisserie outside the shop and it smelled GREAT.

I had never seen leg of lamb presented in quite this manner.

The butcher worked on this large piece of meat to cut it into smaller portions.

I’ve tried to present a balanced view of the hotel, at least my experience with it. Other people in our group experienced problems other than the ones I had, like no shower curtains in their in-tub showers, showers with leaky hoses that sprayed all over, no towels, etc.

All in all, the hotel wasn’t terrible. It was convenient to the train station and bus stops, with many good restaurants nearby. It would be good for students perhaps, or those who are on a tight budget. It just didn’t suit our group of mainly senior citizens, and one tiny elevator was no good for a large group checking in. The place was too noisy for me, but most of the hotels seemed to be in similar locations, right on the street, and older. If you stay there, bring your own soap!

Earth Day and a birding trip to the Eastern Sierras

My newspaper column that is coming out in this Thursday’s Huntington Beach Independent is about the 40th anniversary of Earth Day (April 22) and our trip last weekend to the Eastern Sierras with a Sea and Sage Audubon group. Don’t worry, I tied those two topics together nicely with the theme of endangered species. Hope you’ll read my column online on Thursday. Meanwhile, here are more photos and some mini-videos from our trip.

Alabama Hills in foreground and the Sierras in the background as seen from Lone Pine, CA

Diaz Lake just south of Lone Pine was created in 1872 when an estimated 8.0 earthquake shifted the earth ten feet and dropped the valley floor. The former springs and wetlands were converted to a lake.

Pack horse fattening up on spring grass.

Ditto

Female Yellow-headed Blackbird

Male Yellow-headed Blackbird

Eurasian Collared Doves, a non-native species to the US, are expanding their range throughout California.

Great-tailed Grackle male. This species is native to the US, but has expanded its range fairly recently to California.

California Ground Squirrel

Mt. Whitney historic fish hatchery

 

Male Western Fence Lizard

Acorn Woodpecker

We checked out this Scrub Jay to make sure it wasn't the newly identified Woodhouse subspecies of the Western Scrub Jay. It wasn't.

Stream at Glacier Lodge

Steller's Jay gathering nesting material

Pond at Glacier Lodge

Water Strider

We enjoyed a picnic at Glacier Lodge

Steller's Jay at Aspendel

California Vole running for his life across a road in Aspendel.

Gray-crowned Rosy Finch in Aspendel

Dawn at Crowley Lake

Male Greater Sage-grouse on their lek, displaying to a female.

Greater Sage-grouse copulating

 

Sagebrush, rabbitbrush and the Sierras

Golden Eagle

Winter ice on Crowley Lake had broken up just the week before we were there. Winds piled the ice high on the shore.

 

Teal taking flight from a stream.

Stream near Crowley Lake that feeds into Owens Creek.

Plants growing in the creek.

 

Convict Lake

We stopped on the drive home to catch this shot of the Western Mojave Desert in bloom.

Hope you enjoyed this photo tour of the Eastern Sierras. We got over 100 species of birds, including fantastic sightings of Greater Sage-grouse on their lek, Golden Eagles, Bald Eagles, and nesting bank swallows.

My husband, Vic Leipzig, leads private birding trips for clients from all over the world. To learn more, visit his website at www.southwestbirders.com. He’d love to take you birding.

(To read more of Lou Murray’s environmental writing, see her weekly column, Natural Perspectives, in the Huntington Beach Independent at http://www.hbindependent.com/blogs_and_columns/ )

Sad discovery in town

My newspaper column this week (coming out this Thursday) is about how radio-controlled cars and dirt bikes have torn up about five acres of Huntington Beach Central Park. I’m using my blog to post extra photos plus a video of some guy lighting a fire for his car to jump through.

The whole park is 500 acres, so that means that a group of unauthorized hobbyists have taken over one percent of the park for their own use. They did this without obtaining liability insurance, filing an environmental impact report or making plans to mitigate the damage that they caused. This area supported rodents and lizards and had been former habitat for raptors. Nothing lives there now.

A small part of the area that is now denuded.

Empty containers of "nitro" fuel litter the ground, turning our park into a toxic waste dump.

Some of the "nitro" fuel inevitably spills on the ground. More toxic stuff in our park.

Disposable AA batteries were illegally and improperly disposed of on our park land. I counted 20 without trying.

An extensive area has been converted from vegetated habitat to a dust-filled wasteland.

The presence of chione clam shells indicates that Native Americans used to live on the site.

The bluff face is now devoid of plant life, plus the insects, lizards, birds and mammals that depended on them.

The plants in this area used to be hip-high at this time of year. Now there is nothing there. And this is how the wild world ends. Bit by bit, humans are destroying it.

And check out this video. This guy lit a fire on a Santa Ana wind day. I’m sure it’s cool to jump your toy car over real fire, but the city ordinances prohibiting fires anyplace except city-owned barbeque pits are quite clear. A variety of laws are being broken here every day and unless citizens demand enforcement, nothing will happen.

And listen to that mega-decibel whine. No wonder the hawks have left this area. Even if there was anything left there for them to eat, the noise would drive them away. So sad.

(To read more of Lou Murray’s environmental writing, see her weekly column, Natural Perspectives, in the Huntington Beach Independent at http://www.hbindependent.com/blogs_and_columns/ )

The first 10,000 visitors

My blog count of visitors is about to hit 10,000! (That’s blog hits, not 10,000 unique visitors.) As I’m writing, the count is at 9,095. Some days my blog hits top 100, so I expect the count to roll over to 10,000 within the next 10 days. I’ll be optimistic and predict that the rollover will occur on April 18, 2010.

I started this blog last year in October, so I’m pretty excited about getting 10,000 blog hits already. And if you click on the visitor map on the sidebar, you’ll see that I’ve had visitors from 113 countries. Amazing. I suspect many of them are kids looking for photos for school reports, but it’s hard to tell when so many people visit and so few leave a comment.

For some reason, my post last year on October 30 on “Harvesting lettuce and broccoli in the Salinas Valley” remains my most popular post. In that post, I talked about the agriculture tour that I took with Evan Oaks in Monterey (http://www.Agventuretours.com). I wonder if the popularity of that post is due to the video of the workers harvesting broccoli. The workers followed a tractor pulling a platform where other workers wrapped up the produce. If you haven’t seen that video, here it is again.

So as we climb to the magic number of the first 10,000 visitors, where do you fit in? Are you the 10,000th visitor?

(To read more of Lou Murray’s environmental writing, see her weekly column, Natural Perspectives, in the Huntington Beach Independent at http://www.hbindependent.com/blogs_and_columns/ )

Spring wildflowers at California’s Anza-Borrego State Park

Last weekend, Vic and I camped in a group camp at Anza Borrego State Park in San Diego County with 23 other people from the Orange County Society for Conservation Biology. Seeing the peak bloom of desert wildflowers and searching for life-sized metal sculptures of prehistoric animals in Galleta Meadows made the trip extra enjoyable.

Everyone cooked and ate on their own. After dinner, we sat around the campfire. I gave a campfire Powerpoint presentation on my laptop about the extinct flora and fauna of the Anza-Borrego region from 1-6 million years ago.

Vic made coffee and I cooked huevos rancheros for breakfast, using eggs from our own chickens of course.

Not a bad-looking camp breakfast.

Mami (hope I got the spelling right) cooked a gourmet breakfast of potatoes, zucchini, onions and garlic with eggs scrambled into the veggies.

I wish I could incorporate the smell of this wonderful dish, but a photo will have to do. The eggs haven't been added yet.

Margaret gets some water at the spigot in camp.

Dave, Margaret, and Riley chat after breakfast.

By late morning, the tents were struck and cars packed. People headed their separate ways for a day of hiking and/or photography before heading home.

We camped at the Palm Canyon campground. The hike up Palm Canyon is straight ahead. We have taken that hike before, but didn't on this trip.

Beavertail cactus

Datura (Jimsonweed) and desert dandelion

White flower with green beetle

These tiny pink flowers were the size of a fingernail.

 I think that the pink flower is Purple Mat, one of the so-called “belly flowers.” You have to get down on your belly to really see these tiny things.

The desert wildflowers along Henderson Road in Borrego Springs can be spectacular. Unfortunately, an invasive mustard is crowding out the native wildflowers. The mustard grows taller and blooms earlier than the natives and will crowd them out in a few decades. This area has been handweeded of mustard to give the native flowers a chance.

The previous photo showed a weeded area. This photo shows the boundary between the weeded area on the right and the non-native mustard on the left.

Brown-eyed Primrose

Not sure what this yellow flower is, maybe desert sunflower.

I wish I knew my desert wildflowers, but I can only identify a few of them. This isn't one of them.

Yellow flower

 This yellow flower may be one of the blazing stars, of which there are several species.

A blue Phacelia.

 Many of the Phacelias have fuzzy stems that can irritate the skin or cause rashes, so be careful about handling them.

Creepy caterpillars can make beautiful butterflies. This is most likely the caterpillar of the White-lined Sphinx Moth, which isn't all that pretty in my opinion.

I think that this is also a White-lined Sphinx Moth caterpillar, just a younger instar of the larva.

 
Check out this video of the caterpillar eating the plant stem. Sorry about the background noise. I was pretty close to the road.

Barrel cactus flower

Southern Mammoth sculpture in Galleta Meadows by Perris CA artist Ricardo Breceda. These sculptures of prehistoric wildlife of the region were commissioned by Dennis Avery, heir to the Avery Dennison label company fortune. The sculptures rest on his property in Borrego Springs.

During the Pliocene and Pleistocene Epochs, prehistoric animals such as this Giant Tortoise roamed the Anza-Borrego region. The region then was a moist woodland with braided streams and a coastal delta where the early Colorado River emptied into the Gulf of California.

Columbian mammoths, which also roamed the region, stood 12 ft tall at the shoulder.

Four species of horses/zebras lived here as well. Horses evolved in North America, migrating over the landbridge with Asia. They survived in Asia and Europe, but died out in North America when the climate changed dramatically at the end of the Ice Ages 12,000 years ago.

The Incredible Wind God Bird had a wingspan of 16 ft and was the largest flying bird in North America.

Juvenile Incredible Wind God Birds stayed with their parents for up to 12 years, learning to hunt. They may have had to take flight by either running or jumping off a cliff.

Borrego Springs is known for its Seely Red grapefruit. We bought a bag from a local produce stand before heading home.

We drove back through the quaint old mining town of Julian, where the daffodils were in spectacular bloom. Usually we stop in town, but not this trip.

No trip to this area is complete without an apple pie from the Julian Pie Company. But they’re not made in Julian. We bought a pie to take home from where they’re made in Santa Ysabel.

Many of the stores and restaurants in Julian sell apple pies, but pies from the Julian Pie Company are made in Santa Ysabel.

 Another great place to pick up a pie or turnover is Mom’s Bakery in Julian.

Don's Market in Santa Ysabel is a great place to get local produce, local grass-fed bison, and local wines from Menghini Winery. We also usually stop in at Dudley's Bakery next to the market to pick up some fresh bread.

I love driving through the southern California farmland as well as the wildlands. On our way home, we saw horses, cattle, goats, sheep, bison, and even camels from a local camel’s milk dairy. Amazing place, this southern California.

(To read more of Lou Murray’s environmental writing, see her weekly column, Natural Perspectives, in the Huntington Beach Independent at www.hbindependent.com /blogs_and_columns)

Got him!

No wonder the wily critter that was digging up my garden was so hard to catch. He wasn’t an oppossum, he was a raccoon!

Raccoon in a Hav-a-Hart live trap

I set our Hav-a-Hart live trap last night using a chunk of leftover meat that was too old for us to eat. Meaty bones or a can of cat food work equally well. You just put the food in one end of the trap and set the hook to hold the door open. The critter enters the trap to get to the food, steps on a treadle, and the door goes down, trapping the animal inside.

Since the critter won’t get anything else to eat the night that it’s trapped, I try to put enough inside to feed it. I also check the trap early in the morning so it won’t sit in the sun and dehydrate.

The trap goes into the back of my SUV for transport.

Trapped raccoon in the back of the car, ready for transport.

This big guy is making himself as small as possible in this vulnerable position. It is a frightening experience for the animal, so be sure to put down something old between the trap and the floor of your car, including a sheet of plastic. They tend to relieve themselves and could care less about soiling your vehicle.

The live traps have a metal plate under the handle to protect you from being bitten.

Next step is to release the animal back to the wild and away from your home. We use a wild area in our city’s main park about a mile and a half away from us that has plenty of cover, water, and wild habitat.

The critter gets the idea pretty quickly and heads for cover.

He’ll stay under cover until dark, and then he’ll find that he has a lot of newly restored habitat to explore with wild food aplenty. But just in case he wasn’t the only critter raiding my garden, I’m going to set that trap again tonight. One week we caught three animals in a row. Sometimes they’re possums and sometimes they’re not.

(To read more of Lou Murray’s environmental writing, see her weekly column, Natural Perspectives, in the Huntington Beach Independent at www.hbindependent.com /blogs_and_columns)